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A mother fo Liberia
Related to country: Liberia


Liberia - 25.11.2005
A mother for Liberia
Profile of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the first African female president



Ellen Johnson Sirleaf On the eve of the second ballot on 8 November, nobody would have bet on her since Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, despite having a long political and economic career, was battling it out with local icon George Weah, the former footballer who is the symbol of the nation and a hero for the younger generation. The prize was the presidency of a country reduced to a desperate state after 14 years of civil war. Against all expectations, however, Ellen won the ballot with nearly 60% of preferences, and yesterday she officially became the first African president.

Her debut. In Liberia few people can boast of a political profile anywhere near as good as Sirieaf’s. 66 years old, divorced and mother of four children, this former Harvard student began her political career in the 1970s as Minister of Finance for President Tolbert. When sergeant Samuel Doe seized power in 1980 following a coup d’état, it was the beginning of the end for Liberia. Corruption and bad government abounded, but the climate of terror introduced by the new president certainly didn’t favour criticism. Ellen Sirleaf was the only one who had the courage to challenge the regime by running for the Senate in 1985, receiving a ten-year prison sentence for her pains, although in the end she only actually served one year before being exiled. She returned to Liberia after two years and began a brilliant career as a financial consultant, during which time she worked for the UN’s Development Programme, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. In all these positions Ellen distinguished herself for her skill and professionalism, becoming one of the most important figures in her country.

The Taylor era. In the meantime, things were getting worse in Liberia. The warlord, Charles Taylor, overthrew Samuel Doe and lit the fuse for 14 uninterrupted years of civil war, with Taylor winning the presidential elections of 1997. After having initially supported the rebellion, which probably represents her most important political error to date, Sirleaf distanced herself from the new dictator and ran against him in the 1997 elections, where she finished second with 10% of the vote. She was then accused of treason and once again forced into exile, only returning in 2003 after Taylor had been thrown out of power and a transition government set up. She was appointed president of the commission on corruption, a post she held until she resigned at the end of 2004 in order to take part in the election campaign after severely criticising the ruling executive. Her habit of sticking to her principles and refusing to bow to any form of abuse of power earned her the nickname of “Iron Lady, which she used in her election campaign, and silenced those who accused her of being an accomplice of the old regime.

George WeahMamma Liberia. After her victory Ellen Sirleaf buried the hatchet and declared that she wanted to become “the mother of all of Liberia”, inviting her beaten opponent, George Weah, to join the future government of national unity. But this offer is hard to swallow for a person who was thought to be sure of winning win after the first ballot and who up to now has not accepted defeat. The new president, however, has much more important things to think about, such as how to give her country a future. Sirleaf intends to stick to her main principles and begin with the fight against corruption, which is so endemic in Liberia that UNO were forced to impose an embargo on the wood and diamond trade, the two natural resources that could solve many of the countries economic problems but have up to now only been the cause of war and a great deal of misery. And then of course there’s the problem of Taylor, who is in exile in Nigeria but could be extradited for the crimes committed during the wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia itself. These are just some of the difficult challenges awaiting Ellen Sirleaf, but she could well prove to be the best person to deal with them, far better than any footballers, corrupt ministers or warlords.

Matteo Fagotto

Liberia - 23.11.2005
Una mamma per la Liberia
Profilo di Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, la prima presidentessa africana



Ellen Johnson Sirleaf saluta i suoi sostenitoriAlla vigilia del ballottaggio dell’8 novembre, in pochi avrebbero scommesso su di lei. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, una lunga carriera politica e economica alle spalle, si trovava a affrontare l’icona George Weah, il calciatore simbolo di una nazione e vero e proprio mito per le giovani generazioni. In palio la presidenza della Liberia, una nazione alle corde martoriata da 14 anni di guerra civile. Contro tutti i pronostici Ellen ce l’ha fatta, ottenendo quasi il 60 percento delle preferenze e diventando ufficialmente da ieri la prima presidentessa africana.

Gli esordi. In Liberia poche personalità possono vantare un profilo politico simile a quello della Sirleaf: 66enne, divorziata e madre di quattro figli, questa ex-studentessa di Harvard comincia la sua carriera politica negli anni ’70 come Ministro delle Finanze del presidente Tolbert. Quando nel 1980 il sergente Samuel Doe prende il potere a séguito di un golpe, per la Liberia è l’inizio della fine: corruzione e malgoverno imperversano, ma il clima di terrore instaurato dal nuovo presidente non favorisce di certo le critiche. Ellen Sirleaf è l’unica che, candidatasi al Senato nel 1985, ha il coraggio di contestare il regime prendendosi una condanna a dieci anni di carcere, di cui solo uno effettivamente scontato. Viene esiliata, ma dopo due anni torna in patria per intraprendere una brillante carriera di consulente finanziaria che la porterà a lavorare per il Programma di Sviluppo dell’Onu, la Banca Mondiale e il Fondo Monetario Internazionale. In tutti gli incarichi Ellen si distingue per competenza e professionalità, diventando una delle figure di riferimento per il paese.

Immagini della guerra civileL’era Taylor. Nel frattempo in Liberia le cose precipitano: il signore della guerra Charles Taylor rovescia Samuel Doe dando il via a 14 anni di ininterrotta guerra civile, intervallati dalle elezioni presidenziali vinte dallo stesso Taylor nel 1997. Dopo aver inizialmente appoggiato la ribellione, forse il suo maggior errore politico, la Sirleaf prende le distanze dalla nuova dittatura e partecipa alle elezioni del 1997, dove finisce seconda con il 10 percento dei voti. Accusata di tradimento dal nuovo presidente liberiano è costretta al secondo esilio, dal quale fa ritorno solo nel 2003 dopo la cacciata di Taylor e la nascita del governo di transizione. Le viene affidata la presidenza della Commissione contro la corruzione, dalla quale la Sirleaf si dimette a fine 2004 per partecipare alla campagna elettorale non prima di aver aspramente criticato l’esecutivo in carica. La sua coerenza e il rifiuto di piegarsi a qualsiasi forma di sopruso le hanno valso il soprannome di “Iron Lady”, con cui ha condotto la campagna elettorale, e hanno messo a tacere chi la accusava di essere stata complice del passato regime.

Il grande sconfitto George WeahLa mamma della Liberia. Dopo la vittoria Ellen Sirleaf ha deposto l’ascia di guerra, dichiarando di voler diventare “la mamma di tutti i Liberiani” e invitando il grande sconfitto Weah a entrare nel prossimo governo di unità nazionale. Un boccone amarissimo da digerire per chi era dato come vincitore sicuro al termine del primo turno e finora non ha accettato la sconfitta. Questioni di poco conto per la nuova presidentessa, che si deve occupare di problemi ben più seri, come dare un futuro al suo paese. Sempre coerente con le sue idee, la Sirleaf comincerà dalla lotta alla corruzione, una vera piaga per la Liberia, che ha costretto l’Onu ha imporre un embargo sul commercio di legno pregiato e diamanti, le due risorse che potrebbero fare la fortuna del paese ma che finora sono solo state causa di guerre e miseria. Senza dimenticare la questione Taylor, in esilio in Nigeria ma passibile di estradizione per i crimini commessi durante i conflitti in Sierra Leone e Liberia. Sfide difficili, ma per le quali Ellen Sirleaf potrebbe rivelarsi la personalità più adatta. Con buona pace di calciatori, ministri corrotti e signori della guerra.
Matteo Fagotto
from : http://www.peacereporter.net/

November 25, 2005 | 11:29 AM Comments  0 comments

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